#!/usr/bin/env python3 """ Daily Curiosity #6 — Чому морська вода солона? Schematic: rain on mountains -> rivers leach mineral salts from rocks -> salt accumulates in oceans over billions of years (water evaporates, salt stays). Inset shows Na+ / Cl- ions dissolved in seawater. """ import matplotlib.pyplot as plt from matplotlib.patches import FancyArrowPatch, Circle, FancyBboxPatch, Polygon from matplotlib.colors import LinearSegmentedColormap import numpy as np # ---- Canvas ---- fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(12, 7), dpi=160) ax.set_xlim(0, 12) ax.set_ylim(0, 7) ax.set_aspect('equal') ax.axis('off') # Deep sea / sky gradient background bg = np.linspace(1, 0, 256).reshape(-1, 1) bg = np.repeat(bg, 256, axis=1) ax.imshow( bg, extent=(0, 12, 0, 7), cmap=LinearSegmentedColormap.from_list( "ocean_sky", ["#02172b", "#0a2a4a", "#1a4870", "#3a6c93"] ), aspect='auto', zorder=0, ) # ---- Title ---- ax.text( 6.0, 6.55, "Чому морська вода солона?", ha='center', va='center', fontsize=22, fontweight='bold', color='#fdf6c7', zorder=10, ) ax.text( 6.0, 6.08, "Річки мільярди років зносять у океан розчинені мінерали — а вода випаровується", ha='center', va='center', fontsize=11, style='italic', color='#cfe6ff', zorder=10, ) # ---- Sun ---- sun = Circle((10.7, 5.4), 0.42, facecolor='#ffd66b', edgecolor='#fff1a8', linewidth=2, zorder=4) ax.add_patch(sun) for ang in np.linspace(0, 2*np.pi, 12, endpoint=False): x0 = 10.7 + 0.55*np.cos(ang) y0 = 5.4 + 0.55*np.sin(ang) x1 = 10.7 + 0.78*np.cos(ang) y1 = 5.4 + 0.78*np.sin(ang) ax.plot([x0, x1], [y0, y1], color='#ffd66b', lw=1.8, zorder=4) # ---- Cloud over mountains ---- for cx, cy, r in [(2.0, 5.2, 0.42), (2.55, 5.3, 0.5), (3.05, 5.2, 0.4), (2.7, 4.95, 0.45), (2.25, 4.95, 0.4)]: ax.add_patch(Circle((cx, cy), r, facecolor='#dfe8ef', edgecolor='#9fb3c2', linewidth=1.2, zorder=3)) # Rain drops from cloud np.random.seed(6) for _ in range(14): rx = np.random.uniform(1.7, 3.3) ry = np.random.uniform(3.7, 4.6) ax.plot([rx, rx-0.03], [ry, ry-0.22], color='#7ec5ff', lw=1.6, solid_capstyle='round', zorder=3) # ---- Mountains with snow caps ---- mountain1 = Polygon( [(0.2, 1.6), (1.6, 4.3), (2.2, 3.6), (3.2, 4.7), (4.6, 1.6)], closed=True, facecolor='#3a4a5a', edgecolor='#6f8194', linewidth=1.4, zorder=2, ) ax.add_patch(mountain1) # Snow caps ax.add_patch(Polygon([(1.45, 4.05), (1.6, 4.3), (1.78, 4.0), (1.65, 3.85)], facecolor='#f4faff', edgecolor='none', zorder=2.5)) ax.add_patch(Polygon([(2.95, 4.4), (3.2, 4.7), (3.45, 4.35), (3.18, 4.18)], facecolor='#f4faff', edgecolor='none', zorder=2.5)) # ---- River flowing down to ocean ---- river_pts_x = [2.6, 2.95, 3.4, 3.9, 4.55, 5.2] river_pts_y = [3.55, 3.0, 2.55, 2.15, 1.85, 1.55] ax.plot(river_pts_x, river_pts_y, color='#7ec5ff', lw=4.5, solid_capstyle='round', zorder=2.8) ax.plot(river_pts_x, river_pts_y, color='#bfe1ff', lw=1.8, solid_capstyle='round', zorder=2.9) # Salt grains being washed off rocks (small white dots along river) for (sx, sy) in zip(river_pts_x[1:-1], river_pts_y[1:-1]): for dx, dy in [(-0.1, 0.05), (0.08, -0.04), (0.0, 0.1)]: ax.add_patch(Circle((sx+dx, sy+dy), 0.04, facecolor='#ffffff', edgecolor='none', zorder=3)) # Label: "розчинені солі" ax.annotate( "розчинені солі\n(Na⁺, Cl⁻, Mg²⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺...)", xy=(4.0, 2.3), xytext=(4.7, 3.7), ha='left', va='center', fontsize=9.5, color='#fdf6c7', arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle='->', color='#fdf6c7', lw=1.3), zorder=6, ) # ---- Ocean (lower part) ---- ocean_y = 1.6 ax.add_patch(Polygon( [(0, 0), (12, 0), (12, ocean_y), (0, ocean_y)], closed=True, facecolor='#0e3b62', edgecolor='none', zorder=1.5, )) # Wave line xs = np.linspace(0, 12, 400) ax.plot(xs, ocean_y + 0.06*np.sin(xs*2.3), color='#1f5b8c', lw=1.5, zorder=1.6) ax.plot(xs, ocean_y - 0.05 + 0.04*np.sin(xs*3.1+1), color='#0a2c4d', lw=1.0, zorder=1.6) # Subtle ocean texture lines for y in [1.2, 0.85, 0.5, 0.2]: ax.plot(xs, y + 0.03*np.sin(xs*2.1+y*5), color='#13476f', lw=0.8, alpha=0.6, zorder=1.7) # ---- Evaporation arrows from ocean to sun ---- for sx, sy in [(7.6, 1.4), (8.4, 1.3), (9.2, 1.45), (10.0, 1.3)]: arr = FancyArrowPatch( (sx, sy), (sx+0.4, sy+1.6), arrowstyle='->', mutation_scale=14, color='#bfe1ff', lw=1.5, alpha=0.85, zorder=4, connectionstyle="arc3,rad=0.25", ) ax.add_patch(arr) ax.text(9.0, 3.2, "вода випаровується,\nа сіль лишається", ha='center', va='center', fontsize=10, color='#bfe1ff', style='italic', zorder=6, bbox=dict(boxstyle='round,pad=0.35', facecolor='#0e2742', edgecolor='#3a6c93', linewidth=1)) # ---- Ions in the ocean (Na+ and Cl-) ---- ion_positions = [ (1.2, 1.0, 'Na⁺', '#ff8a65'), (2.0, 0.55, 'Cl⁻', '#7ec5ff'), (2.9, 0.95, 'Na⁺', '#ff8a65'), (3.7, 0.45, 'Cl⁻', '#7ec5ff'), (4.5, 0.85, 'Na⁺', '#ff8a65'), (5.4, 1.2, 'Cl⁻', '#7ec5ff'), (6.2, 0.6, 'Na⁺', '#ff8a65'), (7.0, 1.05, 'Cl⁻', '#7ec5ff'), (7.8, 0.4, 'Na⁺', '#ff8a65'), (5.0, 0.4, 'Cl⁻', '#7ec5ff'), (1.6, 0.4, 'Na⁺', '#ff8a65'), (3.4, 1.25, 'Cl⁻', '#7ec5ff'), ] for ix, iy, label, col in ion_positions: ax.add_patch(Circle((ix, iy), 0.22, facecolor=col, edgecolor='white', linewidth=1.2, zorder=3)) ax.text(ix, iy, label, ha='center', va='center', fontsize=8.2, fontweight='bold', color='#0e2742', zorder=4) # ---- River label ---- ax.text(2.4, 5.85, "хмари + дощ", ha='center', va='center', fontsize=10, color='#cfe6ff', style='italic', zorder=6) # ---- Numbers / fact box ---- fact = ( "≈ 3,5% солі у морській воді • 35 г солі на 1 л\n" "Якби всю сіль океанів розсипати по суходолу — шар ≈ 150 метрів" ) ax.text(6.0, 0.18, fact, ha='center', va='center', fontsize=10.5, color='#fdf6c7', fontweight='bold', zorder=7, bbox=dict(boxstyle='round,pad=0.45', facecolor='#02172b', edgecolor='#fdf6c7', linewidth=1.3)) # ---- Save ---- out = "/sessions/zen-brave-cray/mnt/daily-curiosity/daily-curiosity-06.png" plt.savefig(out, dpi=160, bbox_inches='tight', facecolor='#02172b', edgecolor='none') plt.close(fig) print(f"Saved: {out}")