#!/usr/bin/env python3 """ Daily Curiosity #3 — Чому листя восени жовтіє і червоніє? Schematic: a leaf changes through three states (summer → early autumn → late autumn). Chlorophyll breaks down, revealing carotenoids (yellow/orange) that were always there, while anthocyanins (red/purple) are produced fresh. """ import matplotlib.pyplot as plt from matplotlib.patches import FancyArrowPatch, Circle, FancyBboxPatch, Polygon, Wedge import numpy as np # ---- Canvas ---- fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(12, 7), dpi=160) ax.set_xlim(0, 12) ax.set_ylim(0, 7) ax.set_aspect('equal') ax.axis('off') # Warm dark autumn gradient background (deep maroon → warm brown) bg = np.linspace(0, 1, 256).reshape(-1, 1) bg = np.repeat(bg, 256, axis=1) ax.imshow( bg, extent=(0, 12, 0, 7), cmap=plt.cm.colors.LinearSegmentedColormap.from_list( "autumn_dark", ["#1a0a05", "#2e150a", "#3d1e0a"] ), aspect='auto', zorder=0, ) # ---- Title and subtitle (Ukrainian) ---- ax.text( 6, 6.55, "Чому листя восени жовтіє і червоніє?", ha='center', va='center', fontsize=24, fontweight='bold', color='#fff4dc', zorder=10, ) ax.text( 6, 6.05, "Зелений хлорофіл руйнується — і виходять на світло жовті й червоні пігменти", ha='center', va='center', fontsize=12, style='italic', color='#ffd9a0', zorder=10, ) # ---- Helper: draw a stylized leaf at (cx, cy) with a given color ---- def draw_leaf(cx, cy, scale, fill_color, edge_color, vein_color, zorder=5): # Leaf shape — pointy oval using a custom polygon n = 80 t = np.linspace(0, 2 * np.pi, n) # Lobed/pointed-leaf-ish silhouette r = 1.0 + 0.18 * np.cos(3 * t) - 0.12 * np.sin(2 * t) # Stretch vertically so it looks like a leaf x = cx + scale * r * np.cos(t) * 0.78 y = cy + scale * r * np.sin(t) * 1.08 leaf = Polygon( np.column_stack([x, y]), closed=True, facecolor=fill_color, edgecolor=edge_color, lw=1.6, zorder=zorder, ) ax.add_patch(leaf) # Central vein ax.plot( [cx, cx], [cy - scale * 1.05, cy + scale * 1.0], color=vein_color, lw=1.4, zorder=zorder + 1, ) # Side veins for off in [-0.55, -0.25, 0.05, 0.35, 0.65]: sign_y = cy + off * scale side = scale * (0.55 - 0.55 * abs(off - 0.05)) ax.plot( [cx, cx - side], [sign_y, sign_y + side * 0.55], color=vein_color, lw=0.9, zorder=zorder + 1, ) ax.plot( [cx, cx + side], [sign_y, sign_y + side * 0.55], color=vein_color, lw=0.9, zorder=zorder + 1, ) # Stem ax.plot( [cx, cx], [cy - scale * 1.05, cy - scale * 1.45], color=edge_color, lw=2.0, zorder=zorder, ) # ---- Three leaves (left → right): summer / early autumn / late autumn ---- # Summer: lush green draw_leaf(2.3, 3.4, 0.85, "#3aa14a", "#1f5a26", "#1a4720") ax.text(2.3, 1.55, "Літо", ha='center', va='center', fontsize=13, fontweight='bold', color='#aef0a8', zorder=10) ax.text(2.3, 1.18, "хлорофіл — у силі", ha='center', va='center', fontsize=10.5, style='italic', color='#cfe8b6', zorder=10) # Early autumn: yellow/orange draw_leaf(6.0, 3.4, 0.85, "#f0b526", "#7a5a0b", "#5c4408") ax.text(6.0, 1.55, "Рання осінь", ha='center', va='center', fontsize=13, fontweight='bold', color='#ffe7a8', zorder=10) ax.text(6.0, 1.18, "хлорофіл руйнується — видно каротиноїди", ha='center', va='center', fontsize=10.5, style='italic', color='#ffd9a0', zorder=10) # Late autumn: red draw_leaf(9.7, 3.4, 0.85, "#c43027", "#5e120c", "#460a07") ax.text(9.7, 1.55, "Пізня осінь", ha='center', va='center', fontsize=13, fontweight='bold', color='#ffb8af', zorder=10) ax.text(9.7, 1.18, "утворюються нові червоні антоціани", ha='center', va='center', fontsize=10.5, style='italic', color='#ffc8bd', zorder=10) # ---- Time-arrow under the leaves ---- time_arrow = FancyArrowPatch( (1.0, 0.55), (11.0, 0.55), arrowstyle='-|>', mutation_scale=22, color='#ffd9a0', lw=2.4, zorder=6, ) ax.add_patch(time_arrow) ax.text(6.0, 0.25, "коротший день • холодніші ночі", ha='center', va='center', fontsize=10.5, color='#ffd9a0', zorder=10) # ---- Arrows between leaves ---- for x_from, x_to in [(3.25, 5.05), (6.95, 8.75)]: a = FancyArrowPatch( (x_from, 3.4), (x_to, 3.4), arrowstyle='-|>', mutation_scale=18, color='#fff4dc', lw=2.0, zorder=6, ) ax.add_patch(a) # ---- Pigment legend (top-left small panel) ---- legend_box = FancyBboxPatch( (0.35, 4.5), 3.4, 1.25, boxstyle="round,pad=0.08,rounding_size=0.18", fc="#2a1208", ec="#ffd9a0", lw=1.2, zorder=7, ) ax.add_patch(legend_box) ax.text(2.05, 5.55, "Пігменти у листку", ha='center', va='center', fontsize=11, fontweight='bold', color='#fff4dc', zorder=10) # Three swatches swatches = [ ("#3aa14a", "хлорофіл — зелений"), ("#f0b526", "каротиноїди — жовто-помаранчеві"), ("#c43027", "антоціани — червоно-фіолетові"), ] for i, (col, label) in enumerate(swatches): y = 5.3 - i * 0.25 sw = FancyBboxPatch( (0.55, y - 0.08), 0.25, 0.16, boxstyle="round,pad=0.01,rounding_size=0.04", fc=col, ec="white", lw=0.6, zorder=10, ) ax.add_patch(sw) ax.text(0.92, y, label, ha='left', va='center', fontsize=9.5, color='#fff4dc', zorder=10) # ---- Sun + thermometer-style hint (top-right) ---- # Small sun with downward arrow indicating fewer hours sun = Circle((10.6, 5.45), 0.32, color='#ffd86b', zorder=8, ec='#ffb73a', lw=1.3) ax.add_patch(sun) for ang in range(0, 360, 45): a = np.deg2rad(ang) x0 = 10.6 + 0.4 * np.cos(a) y0 = 5.45 + 0.4 * np.sin(a) x1 = 10.6 + 0.6 * np.cos(a) y1 = 5.45 + 0.6 * np.sin(a) ax.plot([x0, x1], [y0, y1], color='#ffb73a', lw=1.2, zorder=8) arr_down = FancyArrowPatch( (10.6, 5.0), (10.6, 4.55), arrowstyle='-|>', mutation_scale=14, color='#ffd9a0', lw=1.8, zorder=8, ) ax.add_patch(arr_down) ax.text(11.45, 5.45, "менше\nсвітла", ha='left', va='center', fontsize=9.5, color='#ffd9a0', zorder=10) ax.text(11.45, 4.65, "холодніше", ha='left', va='center', fontsize=9.5, color='#ffd9a0', zorder=10) # ---- Bottom note ---- ax.text( 6.0, 6.85, "", # spacer ha='center', va='center', fontsize=1, color='#000', zorder=1, ) plt.tight_layout() out = "/sessions/vigilant-cool-goldberg/mnt/daily-curiosity/daily-curiosity-03.png" plt.savefig(out, dpi=160, facecolor='#1a0a05', bbox_inches='tight', pad_inches=0.15) print(f"Saved: {out}")